Pop Art

Pop art was time for optimism and post war new era. It started in Britain and went into the united stated in the late 50's. Supermarket isles where packed with products and everywhere you look was flashing with glossy magazines and advertisements to make you buy a certain product. Pop art main subject was celebrities,comics and packaging. Pop art has effected the way of how people live.

Pop art included also comic books which where a great hit for that time.

1964 Pop Art.


Andre Warhol was what we call t oday a graphic designer and used to design packaging. such as Campbell's soup cans .









Warhol


Pop art is still being used and also very popular all around the world. Big brands like Pepsi have used several popup adverts such as the one below .





Modern pop art is also used in shops to promote their sales and even in Malta I personally have seen big signs with the effect of pop arts stuck to the shops window.




A quick look between two pop arts are one that of Marilyn Monroe that was done by Warhol and the other one that is also very popular that is done by Jim Zahnizer is of John Lennon. Jim wanted to keep the idea of Warhol with making a celebrity artist with pop art.

1962

Add caption

Works Cited

the art story. (n.d.). Retrieved 2 2016, 4, from http://www.theartstory.org/movement-pop-art.htm

theartstory. (n.d.). Retrieved 2 4, 2016, from http://www.theartstory.org/artist-warhol-andy.htm

Swiss Style

Altough it is named as Swiss style this style emerged in Russia, Netherlands and also in Germany around the 1920's.  This style is also known as the international typographic style. Josef Muller Brockmann and Armin Hofmann where the two leaders and they both studied at a different school. Muller studies at the Zurich School of Arts and Krafts while Hofmann studies at the Basel School of Design. They kept the style as simple as possible , legibility and objective.

The below image has been done by Muller for the Auto Club of switzerland in 1955.


The use of the grid was very important in the Swiss style and this is shown in the images below.










Very simple designs with San Serif font on both image to keep it simple. These images were posters for the Olympics of different years and they have kept the same simplicity in the text and also in the colors.


Swiss style also focuses on having the same font size through the artwork unless you wish to give importance to certain words/sentences. An example illustrating this is in the image below -






References -

http://1stwebdesigner.com/swiss-style-typography/

Punk

The punk movement showed up in the 70's till the late 80's and basically this was a movement that bunch of people were disguised by what we call mainstream and they decide to rebel about it by doing something controversial. During this era a very popular band named Sex pistols was on the rise and they were all punks . The sex pistols only lasted two and a half years. Punk movement also effected the way how one dresses and in graphic design collages were present a lot.

A modern punk rock design is that of the band Green day. 

Original poster - Sex Pistols 

The sex pistols have edited the queen in a way that the public took it as a disrespect. The poster that they did contains the british flag and the face of the queen in the middle. The sex pistols have edited with what looks like pieces of paper as if they are cut stating , "God Save the Queen" and "Sex Pistols" on her mouth.Doing something like this requires a lot of courage and the sex pistols wanted to show that they do not care about anything. At this point the society where literally loving them.


Image is shown below.

The typography as one can see is also done in a way that it breaks all type of mainstream stuff and as seen in the image there is multiple font types , boldness and thickness. 

References -

http://www.piccianeri.com/photoshop-for-graphic-design/

Photoshop for graphic design (2010) Available at:http://www.piccianeri.com/photoshop-for-graphic-design/ (Accessed: 4 February 2016).

29thingsyoudidntknowaboutpunk Available at: http://www.complex.com/style/2013/05/29-things-you-didnt-know-about-punk-style/adam-ant/ (Accessed: 3 February 2016).

Art Deco

Art Deco appeared during the world war 1 in France and and influenced mostly visual arts design. This movement had elements such as geometric shapes , massively rich colors and decorative patterns as shown in the image below. The exact dates of this movement were 1925 till 1940.
This art movement was also known as the modern style.

I have found a very similar image to this in Belt Valletta and it was a poster that has the same elements that of the original Art Deco design.



I have found this image on google that shows the different types of fonts that are used by Art Deco and there million others that are similar to these type of fonts.

Poster found in Belt Valletta

Straight lines
Gold color and geometric shapes.


This style have inspired a lot of architecture , including the empire state building.


This art movement also have typography related to it and in Malta the Art Deco typography is used in many Maltese shops signage, mostly in Valletta.



Art Deco type font -




A perfect example of a Maltese signage in Valletta using the same type of font that is related with this movement. The font is named as Atlas type face,






This image I have found online is an advert for the Tattoo expo Malta and it has elements of art Deco in the typography. The "Expo" is written in a very similar font that of ANDESITE that resembles Art Deco.




Another example that I found was with 2 poster of 2 favorite movies that are inspired by the movement Art Deco. The creator of these posters is David G.Fererro and these were enjoyed a lot buy the viewers as he gave them a new look.







This Mermaid cover is the original one that Walt Disney issued and is the original copy of the dvd cover.



The title of the Mermaid relates a lot to the font AVENIDA.



References -

http://images5.fanpop.com/image/photos/31300000/Walt-Disney-DVD-Covers-The-Little-Mermaid-Limited-Issue-walt-disney-characters-31396719-1936-1320.jpg

http://nerdapproved.com/movies/art-deco-disney/

Futurism

Futurism was published in a newspaper exact date that of February 20th 1909, and it was actually written before the actual movement have ever started. It was published on a French newspaper as a direct challenge for war. Futurism also states that a war is the world's best for many reasons, such as for a change.

Futurism uses typography at an angle in their artworks to represent chaos and an example of this is shown in the image below.



Text is flowing everywhere to represent chaos.

Bauhaus

The word Bauhaus means School of building and this was a new art school were it offered many subjects to choose from such as design , Art, Sculpture , pottery , graphic design etc.. Apart from Bauhaus being a school , it was also an art movement. It all started in 1919 in Wiemar, Germany by an architect named Walter Gropius and lasted till 1933. Bauhaus designs aims is to have geometrical shapes , minimalism and hand crafted work. 

Bauhaus uses a phrase that says - "Less is more". What this means is that they believed the less information that you show , the design would make a better hit. 

Maltese Parliament

The image above is the Maltese Parliament that is influenced from the Bauhaus school / movement. As one can see the building is kind of elevated as the one of the Bauhaus school. The windows are also parallel and very similar to that of Bauhaus. 

Joost Schmidt

This is a poster that was designed by Joost Schmidt in 1923 for a Bauhaus exhibition in Wiemar. 

The image above is an image that shows the inspiration from the image of Joost Scmidt. This image has been created very recent and it is being used to advertise. The designer has followed the design and placed the font the same as the inspired image. The typography that the designer used is totally different than the original picture.

Work citied - 

http://www.gwgraphicdesigns.com/

Surrealism

Surrealism is a movement that requires one to draw whatever he dreams of without any limitations. This movement started in the 1920's and lasted till 1966 .It is mostly loved for it's dreamy designs. Surrealism designs related to many sectors , such as , philosophical ,  literally , music , political etc..

The founder of surrealism was an ex - Dadaist and a chief theorist.

Salvador Dali was a very popular artist in this movement.






Common surrealism in Malta can be found at the end of the newspaper where normally it would be a political surrealist design.


The found of the surrealism movement was an ex - dadaist and a chief theorist. His name was Andre Breton and was nicknamed as "the pope of surrealism". He introduced this style in a manifesto in 1924 , manifesto du surrealisme , also featured in one of his paintings , surrealisme et la peinture.  Breton wanted to change of how people thought to and trying to make everything revolutionary since all other logic and thinking only led to war and domination.

Andre Breton

Most of the surrealism artists were Dadaists and some of them are Max Ernst ,  Man Ray , Francis Picabia , Jean Arp , Hans Bellmar etc ...

Surrealism started in Paris (the world centre) , in 1930's the movement has gone international with huge shows in New York , London , Copenhagen , Brussels and Paris. It then continued to grow and more country names were being listed and these are , Belgium , Egypt , Czechoslovakia , Japan , Denmark , the Netherlands , Hungary and Roumania.

Persistence of memory

The above image is named "The persistence of memory" and was the most unforgettable picture that Salvador Dali created. Dali has attracted the public audience with certain designs that he created such as the Mae west lips sofa. These type of images captured the public attention from every aspect because they were seeing lots of "Dream imagery".

Artist : Salvador Dali 

Salvador Dali was born in 1904 and most of his work was painting and sculpture work. He also worked as a graphic designer and as an artist. Dali has expressed his ideas in surrealism paintings and art works. Before joining the group of Surrealism , Dali, used to focus on cubism, futurism and metaphysical paintings.  Dali's work was enjoyed by many and this made him a representative of the surrealism movement. I have personally viewed several work of Dali and the most picture that I liked is the "Dali Atomicus".

This image took 5 hours to be taken with 26 attempts. The picture was created by assistant's that trowed the cats, the water bucket and the chair.

Surrealism today is still globally strong and artist likes this movement because they find it very easy to expreem themselves through surrealism since they can draw anything they dream of! 

Salvador's work was inspirited by many and as mentioned , it is till power full with companies like VW using Dali's kind of work to promote their Polo Blue motion edition car. 

A surrealism that I created for the unit with Redd Caruana










References -

biography. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2015, from http://www.biography.com/people/andr%C3%A9-breton-37471

metmuseum. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2015, from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/surr/hd_surr.htm

MoMa. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2015, from https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/themes/surrealism

surrealist. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2015, from http://www.surrealist.com/

thedali. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2015, from http://thedali.org/timeline/

De Stijl

Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian are the two painters that founded De stijl in Holland and this was an artistic movement.De stijl begun in 1917 and lasted till 1931. De Stijl was both architecture and avant-garde movement. Like other movement meanings, when translated De Stijl means "The style". De Stijl was mainly created because of the horrors that there were during the world war 1 and has wished to put the society in it's aftermath.

Piet Mondiran

Piet Mondrian has designed several designs such as the most popular one in 1923 named Composition A. 

Composition A

As one can see from the above image that De Stijl makes use of primary colors only and also it has elements of cubism. Simple composition, basic shapes , primary colors , Horizontal/vertically lines. 

De Stijl artworks are very simple and some might consider that it is not art but the main point of De Stijl is to keep everything simple as possible and delivering the same message.

On the other hand , Theo Van Doesburg is known on how he changed the rules of the grid and all the text is placed out of the grid.

Theo Van Doesburg

Another very simple image from the Painter Theo Van Doesburg is this book cover that once again is making use of the primary colors.

Work Cited - 

guggenheim. (n.d.). Retrieved 2 4, 2016, from http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/artists/bios/1481

youtube. (n.d.). Retrieved 2 4, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOSvUfbPHpY

Typography

Typography basically is the font used to deliver a message via text. Typography has changed drastically with same font type being updated to be more clear and even new font are created all the time.

There are two types of font's. Serif and Sans Serif. The word "sans" mean non serrified(no decorations) while serif fonts means that they will be decorated with a simple extra touch at each point of the letter. Serif font was very popular in the old days whilst nowadays it is rarely used unless it suits the topic.



Blackletter was the very first typeface that was printed in Europe. This was printed in Gutenburg bible.




This type of typography was clear to read but when printed everything was squished together and not clear to read.



The above image is the type face that was printed on the bible and as one can see it is very decorative.


After the blackletter font was not suitable and needed to be replaced and this was done with the new roman type that the French man Nicholas Jenson created in the 15th Century . He was inspired by the lettering found on ancient roman buildings . This typefont is based on straight lines and regular curves . Compared to the other font this was much more clear and readable. This font made a huge hit and was seen all over Europe on every design piece.
This font was updated and still being updated as it set to default on most of the Microsoft office programs.


Comparison between both fonts -


It is clearly seen that the Roman font(right side) is much more simpler and legible .


 After the roman then italics where invented by an Italian person named Aldus Manutius in Venice in the 15th century. Basically italics changes the font by giving it a slight slanting position. Italics where invented in a way to be able to fit more letters in a page .

As I mentioned , typefaces are updated /created daily and several made it into being very popular .

Caslon has invented the Old style font , Baskerville the transitional font and Didot and Bodoni has invented the modern font.



Work citied -

youtube. (n.d.). Retrieved 2 4, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOgIkxAfJsk

Infographic -Redd

Movement : Surrealism

The found of the surrealism movement was an ex - dadaist and a chief theorist. His name was Andre Breton and was nicknamed as "the pope of surrealism". He introduced this style in a manifesto in 1924 , manifesto du surrealisme , also featured in one of his paintings , surrealisme et la peinture.  Breton wanted to change of how people thought to and trying to make everything revolutionary since all other logic and thinking only led to war and domination.

Andre Breton

Most of the surrealism artists were Dadaists and some of them are Max Ernst ,  Man Ray , Francis Picabia , Jean Arp , Hans Bellmar etc ...

Surrealism started in Paris (the world centre) , in 1930's the movement has gone international with huge shows in New York , London , Copenhagen , Brussels and Paris. It then continued to grow and more country names were being listed and these are , Belgium , Egypt , Czechoslovakia , Japan , Denmark , the Netherlands , Hungary and Roumania.

Persistence of memory

The above image is named "The persistence of memory" and was the most unforgettable picture that Salvador Dali created. Dali has attracted the public audience with certain designs that he created such as the Mae west lips sofa. These type of images captured the public attention from every aspect because they were seeing lots of "Dream imagery".

Artist : Salvador Dali 

Salvador Dali was born in 1904 and most of his work was painting and sculpture work. He also worked as a graphic designer and as an artist. Dali has expressed his ideas in surrealism paintings and art works. Before joining the group of Surrealism , Dali, used to focus on cubism, futurism and metaphysical paintings.  Dali's work was enjoyed by many and this made him a representative of the surrealism movement. I have personally viewed several work of Dali and the most picture that I liked is the "Dali Atomicus".

This image took 5 hours to be taken with 26 attempts. The picture was created by assistant's that trowed the cats, the water bucket and the chair.

Surrealism today is still globally strong and artist likes this movement because they find it very easy to expreem themselves through surrealism since they can draw anything they dream of! 

Salvador's work was inspirited by many and as mentioned , it is till power full with companies like VW using Dali's kind of work to promote their Polo Blue motion edition car. 

My Surrealism -









References -

biography. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2015, from http://www.biography.com/people/andr%C3%A9-breton-37471

metmuseum. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2015, from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/surr/hd_surr.htm

MoMa. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2015, from https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/themes/surrealism

surrealist. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2015, from http://www.surrealist.com/

thedali. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2015, from http://thedali.org/timeline/